Milling is one of the important finishing stages in Iran’s leather industry, carried out with the aim of enhancing softness, flexibility, and developing the natural pebbled grain texture. This process not only improves the tactile qualities of leather but also adds aesthetic value and a unique character to the final product, giving it a prominent place in the production of luxury leather goods.

In this stage, tanned and partially finished leathers are placed inside large traditional wooden drums or modern steel drums. These drums rotate slowly and without the use of water, gently tumbling the leathers in a controlled manner. The movement loosens the fibers, resulting in a soft and pleasant hand feel. At the same time, friction between the moving pieces of leather stimulates the grain and creates the distinctive natural pebbled texture that holds high value in global luxury markets.

The duration and intensity of milling are carefully adjusted according to the type of leather and the desired final effect. This stage is especially important in the production of items such as export-quality handmade leather bags, luxury shoes, leather garments, and premium furniture. In some cases, milling is combined with the application of softening agents or specialized conditioners to achieve the required suppleness without compromising the structure and strength of the leather.

Milling is not only used to soften relatively stiff leathers but can also restore flexibility to leather that has become slightly rigid during drying or finishing. In certain types of leather, this process accentuates natural markings and adds depth to the grain pattern, producing an authentic and distinctive look that is highly valued in handcrafted and custom-made products.

Key characteristics of the milling process in Iran’s leather industry:

• Mechanical tumbling of leather in wooden or steel drums to enhance softness and develop natural grain
• Creation of a pebbled surface texture with a luxurious appearance
• Improved flexibility and comfort of the final product
• Preservation of leather structure and strength while enhancing tactile qualities
• Ideal for the production of leather garments, luxury handbags, premium furniture, and high-end products