Buffing is one of the key finishing stages in Iran’s leather industry, during which an extremely thin layer of the leather surface is removed using abrasive cylinders or belts. This process not only enhances the appearance and uniformity of the leather surface but also allows the creation of unique textures and finishes such as nubuck and suede, both of which are highly sought after in global luxury markets.

The buffing process typically begins after tanning and the initial surface treatment stages. At this point, the leather is fed into a machine equipped with rotating abrasive wheels or belts. These abrasives, working in a gentle and controlled manner, correct surface imperfections such as scars, wrinkles, or irregularities in the grain. On full-grain leathers, light buffing is applied to preserve the natural look while creating a softer, more uniform texture. On split leathers, buffing prepares the surface for subsequent operations such as coating, embossing, or dyeing.

Buffing is not merely a corrective step but also has a creative and design dimension. To produce nubuck, the grain side (outer surface) of the leather is lightly abraded to create a soft, velvety texture with a matte, luxurious feel. To produce suede, the inner surface of split leather is abraded more deeply, exposing the fine fibers to achieve a warm, plush, velvety texture. Both types of leather are widely used in luxury products such as leather jackets, footwear, handbags, and furniture upholstery.

Beyond aesthetics, buffing also improves the technical performance of leather. A buffed surface absorbs dyes and protective coatings more effectively, increases adhesion of finishing materials, and ensures greater uniformity in the final color and texture.

Key characteristics of the buffing process in Iran’s leather industry:

• Abrasion of the leather surface using rotating abrasive cylinders or belts
• Correction of natural imperfections and irregularities in the grain
• Creation of special textures such as nubuck and suede
• Enhanced absorption of dyes and finishing coatings
• Improved beauty and performance of leather for luxury products